The infinitive, both in the active and passive, has only three tenses the one, commonly called the infinitive of the present, simply represents an action in progress, and is therefore the infinitive not only of the present, but also of the past and the future-as amare and amari. The infinitive, from its meaning, may also be regarded as a verbal substantive, which, however, generally speaking, exists only in two cases, the nominative and the accusative, and differs: from other substantives by its governing the case of a verb. The infinitive expresses the action or condition implied in a verb in the form of an abstract generality. It is therefore tentatively concluded that directionality is not the defining factor influencing graduates’ performance and the acceptability of their output.§ 371. However, there is a strong correlation between the grades an individual student receives for translation into L2 and those for translation into L1. It has been established that on average students tend to perform slightly better when translating into L1 than when translating into L2 or 元. The grades of 580 final exams consisting of translation into languages L1, L2 and 元 at an MA programme in translation were surveyed. The second aim of the article is to investigate whether there is any correlation between student performances when they translate into L1 and when they translate into L2 and 元. Previous research on this issue is reviewed: based on the transcriptions of video recordings of the lessons conducted by 6 translation teachers (2 bilingual, 2 native, 2 non-native speakers of the TL), it is argued that each of these three groups can contribute to the teaching process in L2 translation classes. First, whether the argument that teaching staff should only teach translation into their native language is valid and supported by factual evidence. The main argument is that the classroom should be the ideal environment for students’ attempts and discussions, and the bulk of already solved translation issues equip students with skills for tackling analogous challenges in the future. The common feature of these activities is the “hands-on” approach in which students analyse comparable texts, familiarize themselves with authentic language data, find and compare alternative translation solutions, and develop their research skills. Using systemic contrastive analysis as the framework and condensation in user guides as the illustrative material, this paper presents some problematic issues students have to deal with in their translations and suggests a few activities intended to develop their linguistic, text, and extra-linguistic competences. The fundamental point seems to be striking a balance between educating in the general with training in the particular. There is an ongoing debate on the nature of university translation course curricula which primarily tries to address the way translation competence is acquired. Keywords: sports interpreting, community interpreting, interpreting in context, professionalism, ethical issues As a result, the paper can contribute to the definition of sports interpreting and foreground its overlooked dimension – the socalled community interpreting – within interpreting settings, thus locating this type of interpreting in Translation Studies. The similarities between sports interpreting and community interpreting are also analysed. Exemplary cases from the media and one-to-one interviews with sports interpreters in Turkey are analysed with a special focus on professionalism. After a comprehensive literature review, the corpus of the study is presented. The paper deals with issues mostly experienced in and specific to community interpreting, yet observed in sports interpreting as well, such as ethical issues and professionalism. This paper aims to discuss the dimensions and dynamics of sports interpreting and focus on its characteristics, thus, illustrating the similarities between community interpreting and sports interpreting. One of its dimensions is the relation to community interpreting. Therefore, this type of interpreting should be carefully defined considering its multidimensional character. Although scholars of Translation Studies did not regard it as a field worthy of their attention before, now it has become an area to study on with growing interest among translation researchers. Sports has been one of the intensely practiced interpreting fields either professionally or unprofessionally due to its global character, yet it was not a subject of Translation Studies until the last decade. As Translation Studies expands its scope on both theory and practice due to its interdisciplinary character, new forms of translation and interpreting have started to emerge or legitimize themselves within the field.
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